The Yukon features carbon composite construction and a nickel leading edge. It can be used on both the wheeled and floated Cessna Caravan utilizing the PT6A-114A 675 SHP or PT6A-140 867 SHP engines.

• READ MORE: FLYING Unveils ‘Oshkosh Live’ Video Programming Lineup

According to Wipaire, the Yukon can reduce takeoff distances by up to 26 percent from land and 31 percent on water. The propeller weighs 137 pounds, which is lighter than others available by about 19 pounds. It also has optional pitch locks, and according to the company, will not change the stall speed of the aircraft. 

The Yukon is available with TKS or electric deice, or both.

“The successful flight performance with the Yukon is a testament to the collaboration between Hartzell Propeller and Wipaire engineers,” said Chuck Wiplinger, president and CEO of Wipaire. “The increased efficiency and power are a game changer for our customers and presale deposits are strong.”

• READ MORE: Army of Volunteers Gives AirVenture Its Lift

According to the company website, “Wipaire has developed over 100 STCs for the modification of aircraft, including float installations, engine and propeller upgrades, gross weight increases, instrument panel and Cessna 206 right-hand-door installations.

The post Wipaire Obtains FAA Approval for Yukon Prop STC appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

The issue of what is legal (in FAA terms) and approved (by manufacturers) puts maintainers in a sticky situation. On one hand, the FAA issues a supplemental type certificate (STC) allowing for products to deploy on aircraft, but the engine and/or aircraft manufacturer may not approve or recognize the STC as something permitted for use under the terms of their warranty. 

Whether an aircraft owner or operator chooses to use the alternate fuel or not is a matter of choice. The fuel has been approved by the FAA and is perfectly legal to use in the SR series aircraft. The dilemma for the maintainer arises upon returning a Cirrus aircraft to service even for something as routine as an oil change. 

• READ MORE: Identifying Corrosion in All Its Forms

Consider this scenario. The pilot opted to refuel with G100UL or the aircraft arrived with G100UL in the tank. This alternate fuel is a drop-in replacement, so 100UL could have been added to 100LL already in the tank. Granted the maintenance action in this case did not involve fuel, but the maintainer is signing for the entire aircraft to be returned to service. If they sign the repair IAW OEM guidelines, this includes Service Advisories (including one that prohibits the use of G100UL fuel). Consequently if the aircraft is carrying G100UL, then this could be an issue because the aircraft is not being returned to service IAW this Cirrus SB.

Of course, as with any guideline, the issue of signing for an aircraft is subject to interpretation. I know mechanics that will only work on aircraft they have personal history with and do not want to return to service an inherited unrecognized maintenance action.

In the advisory (SA24-14) “Transition to Unleaded Fuel and Use of Non-Cirrus Approved Fuel in SR Series Aircraft” released June 18, Cirrus said it was committed to the industry’s transition to unleaded fuels, which is underscored by its collaboration with stakeholders such as the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA), General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA), FAA, and Eliminate Aviation Gasoline Lead Emissions (EAGLE) industry initiative.

Aircraft and engine manufacturer’s are extremely risk averse. They historically do not recognize alternate methods of airworthiness, and this includes STCs, parts manufacturer approval (PMA) parts, and designated engineering representative (DER) repairs.

There is a commercial element to this since any aftermarket PMA part procured from a third party is a revenue lost for the OEM. It appears the reason for the SB in this specific case is Cirrus’ concern about the breakdown of a fuel tank sealant that was seen in an isolated (one) aircraft known to have been fueled with G100UL.

The company will need to vet this against other aircraft in the fleet to ascertain if the perceived breakdown is an isolated outlier related to the drop-in fuel, or if the dislodged fuel tank sealant was a manufacturing defect unrelated to the use of G100UL. 

• READ MORE: 5 Attributes of a Top-Notch Maintenance Provider

“While some aspects of the initial Cirrus testing of the GAMI G100UL fuel are encouraging, other areas, including materials compatibility, remain inconclusive,” the advisory said. “At this time, Cirrus does not approve the use of GAMI G100UL fuel in Cirrus SR Series airplanes. Per Continental and Lycoming, only approved fuels may be used for an engine to be covered by warranty.” 

According to the FAA, G100UL is safe to use, hence the STC approval. This took years of testing to clear the milestones. In fact GAMI uses the fuel in its company SR22..

According to GAMI, the fuel has undergone substantial testing and displayed no issues on other aircraft. The company also disputes Cirrus’ claim that using G100UL voids the warranties on engines supplied by Lycoming and Continental, however, the engine manufacturers have confirmed its use could affect warranty claims, according to AVweb. 

Tim Roehl, president of GAMI, indicated that his team is drafting a formal response to Cirrus Service Advisory SA24-14 to be posted on its website. Roehl also said that the sealant Cirrus references is not the polysulfide sealant more commonly used in the industry but a polythioether sealant. Roehl stated that G100UL has been in service since 2010 on one wing of the company’s Cirrus SR22, using the same polythioether sealant Cirrus uses, with zero incidents.

The FAA does not comment on specific OEM warranty policies but the agency has reiterated that GAMI’s G100UL does have the STC approval. This is not uncommon as the FAA routinely approves alternate solutions without the buy-in from OEMs. The burden is on the third-party solution provider to prove airworthiness—i.e. STC holder, PMA manufacturer, or designated engineering representative for DER repairs.

What This Means for Maintainers

This fuel issue places aircraft maintenance professionals in a bit of a quandary. On one side, you have the FAA approval for G100UL, but at least one aircraft manufacturer, Cirrus, and one engine manufacturer, say they are not approved via service advisories.

The FAA typically steers clear of airframe/powerplant OEM issues until they become an airworthiness directive (AD). To assist in clearing any confusion, the agency issues periodic documents to help owner/operator/maintainer stay abreast of the situation. One such publication is the FAASTeam service bulletins.

When asked if service bulletins are mandatory, the FAA says: It depends. 

Here is a quick agency ruling: “If you are operating your aircraft under 14 CFR part 91, a service bulletin is advisory, and compliance is not mandatory unless it is included in an Airworthiness Directive.”

Another resource is FAA Advisory Circular AC 20-114, which addresses manufacturers’ service documents: “Service documents should be neither treated nor represented as the official FAA approval documents, unless either a letter of design approval from the FAA or a record that compliance has been determined by an FAA designee is on file for recommended actions indicated as FAA-approved in service documents.”

That said, service documents are beneficial and transmit a wealth of knowledge. When returning aircraft to service, it is critical to list if the action is in accordance with OEM information or another alternate form of maintenance. This comes into play when installing PMA parts, or an STC like G100UL.

The post Cirrus Service Advisory Throws Fuel on G100UL Maintenance Debate appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

More importantly, according to Braly, after testing the fuel received a certificate of authenticity (COA), which then makes it “commercially available.”

• READ MORE: Long-Term Unleaded Fuel Test Begins in AOPA Baron

With the announcement, Braly and GAMI hope to counter critics that say while the fuel has received FAA approval for use under the STC process, it’s not commercially available. The term is important because of a consent decree taken in California that could force the changeover to an unleaded fuel when an alternative to 100LL becomes commercially available.

• READ MORE: G100UL Unleaded Avgas Flight Trial

Editor’s Note: This article first appeared on Kitplanes.

The post GAMI Says It Has 1 Million Gallons of G100UL appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

The company on Wednesday announced it completed the build of its Certification System Bench, a flight test simulator designed to speed its path to an STC. The simulator contains the company’s certifiable software and hardware components and is located at its Boston headquarters.

An STC is issued by a regulator when a company intends to modify an aerospace product from its initial, type-certified design. The approval authorizes the modification and how it will affect the original product.

In the case of Merlin, the company is seeking an STC from New Zealand’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) for Merlin Pilot, its platform-agnostic, takeoff-to-touchdown autonomy system for fixed-wing aircraft. Pilot uses an array of sensors to understand the state of the aircraft and its surroundings. The firm is working toward concurrent validation with the FAA through a Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement between it and the CAA.

However, Merlin’s goal, at least in the short term, is not to remove the pilot from the cockpit entirely. Rather, it intends to supplement pilot workloads to combat the ongoing pilot shortage.

“In many ways, the Certification System Bench acts as a testing ‘funnel,’” said Sherif Ali, chief engineer for Merlin Pilot. “It allows us to test hundreds of cases with speed and ease, selecting edge cases to take to in-flight testing. As a result, we’re able to reduce the use of our test aircraft and keep it for limited cases only.”

The Certification System Bench will allow Merlin to test its automation systems from its headquarters, with no limitations due to factors such as weather, maintenance schedules, or pilot availability. The company says it provides a one-to-one replica of its in-flight technology, with three screens representing the pilot deck, instrument panels, and primary flight display.

The technology is equipped with the same software and hardware components found within the Pilot system. Further, cameras installed on the Bench allow Merlin’s global team to access it and perform testing remotely.

“With pilots on the Certification System Bench, we are able to learn multitudes about human factors while gaining accreditation towards our STC,” said Ali. “No other company in the sector has put more resources towards this type of testing simulator.”

According to Merlin, the Certification System Bench represents a “significant investment” for the firm—costing millions of dollars more than its actual aircraft—but one that will be worthwhile.

The company says ground tests on the Certification System Bench are accredited by aviation regulators, allowing those evaluations to contribute toward STC approval. Further, the technology should allow testing to become more routine. Technicians won’t need to worry about heavy rain or malfunctioning aircraft parts.

“Ensuring the Merlin Pilot is robust, safe, and reliable is our top priority, which underscores this [Certification] System Bench build as a huge milestone in Merlin’s certification journey,” said Matt George, founder and CEO of Merlin. “It took the team six months to design, vet solutions for, and build the Certification System Bench to extremely stringent specifications.”

Merlin is taking a “crawl-walk-run” approach to certification and operations, beginning with testing with the FAA and CAA, from which it recently obtained Part 135 operator approval. The next step will be to fly small aircraft with reduced crews, relying mostly on Pilot but augmented by a safety pilot. After that, the company intends to remove crews from small aircraft and reduce crews on larger aircraft.

Merlin received the first certification basis for an autonomous flight system from the CAA in 2023. Last year, Pilot also became the first autonomy system to secure U.S. National Airspace System integration and FAA validation, following agency-contracted uncrewed cargo network trials in Alaska, the company says.

Pilot so far has been integrated on five different aircraft types, including Dynamic Aviation’s fleet of Beechcraft King Airs and several aircraft from Ameriflight, the largest Part 135 cargo airline in the U.S.

Merlin further has a longstanding relationship with the U.S. Air Force, through which it has modified several military transport aircraft. In 2022, the company tested single-pilot crews aboard a Lockheed Martin C130J Hercules and conducted an autonomous refueling mission using a KC-46A Pegasus with no copilot.

In February, the partners extended their collaboration to demonstrate Pilot on a KC-135 Stratotanker. Merlin expects in-flight trials to begin next year, starting with a series of basic air refueling operations.

However, Merlin is not the only autonomous flight systems partner working with the Air Force. The department also has relationships with providers such as Xwing, Reliable Robotics, and rotorcraft manufacturer Sikorsky, which is developing an autonomy suite called Matrix.

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The post Merlin Advances Toward Autonomous Flight Tech STC with Simulator appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Today’s Top Pick is a 1967 Cessna 150G.

There are a lot of Cessna 150s and 152s flying today. The sturdy two-seat trainers have been taking students through flight training and check rides for more than 60 years. In that time they have earned a reputation as reliable, economical, no-nonsense aircraft that are suited to several missions beyond training, such as traveling, commuting, and short-field operations.

The airplane for sale here is not your everyday 150, having been modified with a number of upgrades aimed at making it a better bush machine. Changes include taildragger landing gear, wing modifications, and a 150 hp engine like those found in the larger Cessna 172. The engine swap boosts its horsepower by 50 percent compared with a standard 150.

This 1967 150 has 2,066 hours on the airframe and 17 hours on its Lycoming 150 hp O-320-E2D engine. The panel features a Narco Mk-12 Nav/Com, Sport 200 two-place intercom, and Genave Beta 5000 transponder.

Additional equipment includes the Texas Taildragger STC, 150 hp STC, gross weight increase STC, STOL-Craft leading edge and wing tip kit, flap and aileron gap seals, and Patroller doors.     

Pilots looking for a compact STOL airplane, and especially those who like the Cessna 150 but wish it was a taildragger, should consider this modified 1967 model, which is available for $103,900 on AircraftForSale.

You can arrange financing of the aircraft through FLYING Finance. For more information, email info@flyingfinance.com.

• FLYING Magazine: Is It Possible to Legally Fly a Cessna 150 as an LSA?
• FLYING Magazine: Teenager Takes Control of Cessna 150 After Pilot Passes Out
• FLYING Magazine: I Learned About Flying From That: 18,300 Feet in a Cessna 150
• Plane & Pilot: Incredible Plane: Cessna 150
• Plane & Pilot: Quiz Time: Cessna 150
• Plane & Pilot: Stranded Cessna 150 Tries to Take Off from a Sandbar and There’s No Possible Way He Makes It! Unless . . .
• The Aviation Consumer: Cessna 150/152

The post This 1967 Cessna 150 Is a Modified, Tail-Dragging ‘AircraftForSale’ Top Pick appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Today’s Top Pick is a 1946 Globe GC-1B Swift.

The Globe Swift has an interesting history that begins during aviation’s golden age between the wars but truly gets going in the wake of World War II. The sleek, low-wing, two-seater has fighter-like styling, retractable landing gear and  sliding canopy. Given these features, it is easy to understand the airplane’s appeal.

While not speed demons, Swifts move along well, generally between 104 to 112 ktas, on fairly low horsepower. A long list of STCs include engine upgrades that can push speeds higher. Early models came with 85 hp Continental engines that soon gave way to 125 hp versions, which improved performance significantly. Swift pilots tend to care more about the airplane’s responsive handling and light, tactile controls. Still, engines ranging above 200 hp and numerous other approved speed modifications can give the aircraft a racier feel.  

This Swift has 1,455 hours on the airframe and 77 hours on its Continental C-125-2 engine since overhaul. The panel includes an AV-30 multi-function flight instrument, an EDM 700 engine monitor with fuel flow, and Stratus ADS-B. 

Pilots interested in vintage aircraft that are fairly rare but reasonably economical to operate and maintain should consider this 1946 Globe GC-1B Swift, which is available for $49,900 on AircraftForSale.

You can arrange financing of the aircraft through FLYING Finance. For more information, email info@flyingfinance.com.

• FLYING Magazine: 1946 Globe Swift ‘Speedster’ 
• FLYING Magazine:The Swift and First Solos
• Plane & Pilot: Globe/TEMCO Swift: An Efficient And Comely Two-Seater That Stood The Test Of Time
• Plane & Pilot; Globe Swift GC-1B
• The Aviation Consumer: Off The Beaten Path: Vintage Aircraft

The post A Globe Swift from 1946 Is a Sleek, Rare, and Rewarding ‘AircraftForSale’ Top Pick appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Garmin has announced it is now offering its G5000 integrated avionics suite as a retrofit upgrade for Textron Aviation Cessna Citation XLS+ and XLS Gen2 business jets. 

The upgrade (price not released) replaces the legacy Collins Pro Line 21 panel, which has four 10-inch display screens.

• READ MORE: Garmin G5000 Earns EASA Approval for Cessna Citation Excel, XLS

Carl Wolf, Garmin VP of Aviation Sales and Marketing, said, “The G5000 upgrade program for the Citation Excel and XLS has transformed more than 120 aircraft since its certification in 2019, bringing significant technology and financial benefit to operators around the globe. We look forward to expanding this program to include the Citation XLS+ and XLS Gen2, bringing the same advanced avionics capabilities and lower operating costs to more Citations in the fleet.”

The G5000 for the Citation XLS+ and XLS Gen2 has a trio of landscape-configured flight displays with split-screen capability. The arrangement enables flight crews (both Citation models require a two-pilot crew) to simultaneously display maps, charts, checklists, TAWS, TCAS, flight plan information, weather and more. Data input is via touchscreen controllers. A new feature for the G5000 as installed on the XLS+ and XLS Gen2 includes two GI 275 standby electronic flight instruments. They can serve as standby ADIs and each comes with a 60-minute backup battery.

• READ MORE: Textron’s Cessna Citation XLS Gen2 Achieves FAA Certification

Also included in the Citation XLS+ and XLS Gen2 installation is a digital Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), which helps manage speed and performance. Emergency Descent Mode (EDM) comes standard. In the event an aircraft loses cabin pressurization, EDM can autonomously initiate a descent to a preset altitude, mitigating the hazard of pilot hypoxia.

Textron Aviation announced that the Garmin G5000 upgrade will be available for installation at Textron Aviation Service Centers “following supplemental type certification approval by the FAA, anticipated in the first half of 2024.” Brian Rohloff, Textron Aviation senior VP of Customer Support, said, “We look forward to expanding this upgrade option to additional Citation operators as we continue to design and deliver the best customer experience and support our customers through the entire life cycle of their aircraft.”

The post Garmin Adds Newer Citation Models to Its G5000 Avionics Repertoire appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

The FAA on Thursday issued the G-1 Issue Paper that establishes certification criteria, including airworthiness and environmental standards required by the FAA to ultimately certify the Universal Hydrogen design for ATR 72 conversion to hydrogen power.

• READ MORE: ATR 72 Hydrogen-Electric Demonstrator Unveiled

California-based Universal Hydrogen will continue working with the FAA to finalize the full certification requirements.

Hydrogen Logistics

In addition, the company is building a hydrogen logistics network. According to Universal Hydrogen, its modular hydrogen capsules can be transported over the existing freight network from production directly to the airplane anywhere in the world.

Universal Hydrogen is also working to certify a powertrain conversion kit to retrofit existing regional aircraft to fly on hydrogen.

In July 2022, Universal Hydrogen unveiled its test demonstrator aircraft, a modified ATR 72-500 at its facility in Toulouse, France. The airplane’s powertrain was converted from a conventional turboprop configuration to electric motors powered by hydrogen fuel cells. 

The conversion kits for ATR 72s include proprietary, liquid hydrogen modular capsules intended to make green hydrogen fuel transport and loading effective and efficient.  

Several air carriers are taking notice of the new technology. In 2022, Universal Hydrogen secured a deal with Connect Airlines for a firm order to convert 75 ATR 72-600s to hydrogen powertrains. The agreement includes an option to convert 25 additional aircraft. Deliveries are expected to begin in 2025.

The post FAA Accepts Universal Hydrogen’s STC Bid for ATR 72 Conversion appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

The STC was previously approved in the U.S. by the FAA.

• READ MORE: Hartzell Expands Composite Prop Series in Top Prop Program

According to Hartzell, the EASA STC covers a number of Aviat, Beechcraft, Cessna, Cirrus, Diamond, Extra, Mooney, Piper, and SOCATA airplanes along with several models of Robinson and Sikorsky helicopters.

The STC approved Plane-Power ALT-FLX alternators that “provide up to 100 amps in a 12-volt electrical system and up to 150 amps in a 24-volt system,” Keith Bagley, Hartzell Tech president, said in a statement. “Weights are comparable to replaced alternators, and kits provided contain all the brackets and hardware needed to complete the upgrade.”

• READ MORE: Hartzell, Wipaire Conclude Testing of Yukon Prop, Await STC

The post EASA Approves STC for Hartzell Alternator Upgrades appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

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